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Anemia, one of the more common blood disorders.It is a deficiency of red blood cells (RBCs) and/or hemoglobin. The ability of blood to transfer oxygen to the tissues , causing tissue hypoxia. The three main classes of anemia. First is blood loss (acutely such as a hemorrhage or chronically through low-volume loss). Second is blood cell destruction ( hemolysis ). Third is deficient red blood cell production (ineffective hematopoiesis ). In menstruating women, dietary iron deficiency is a common cause of deficient red blood cell production. Hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells) has to be present to ensure adequate oxygenation of all body tissues and organs. There are two major approaches of classifying anemias,Premary is "kinetic" approach which involves evaluating production, destruction and loss. Second is "morphologic" approach which groups anemia by red blood cell size. Immune system mistakes RBCs for foreign invaders and begins destroying them. Other children inherit defects in the red blood cells that lead to anemia. Common forms of inherited hemolytic anemia include sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
Anemia caused many things, but mostly three bodily mechanisms that produce it areexcessive destruction of RBCsblood loss,inadequate production of RBCs. Among many other causes is inherited disorders, nutritional problems (such as an iron or vitamin deficiency), infections, some kinds of cancer, or exposure to a drug or toxin. Sickle cell anemia is a severe form of anemia found most commonly in people of African heritage. In this condition, the hemoglobin forms long rods when it gives up its oxygen, stretching red blood cells into abnormal sickle shapes. Thalassemia major, also called Cooley's anemia, is a severe form of anemia in which RBCs are rapidly destroyed and iron is deposited in the skin and vital organs. High levels of hemoglobin and RBCs help fetal blood carry enough oxygen to developing babies in the relatively oxygen-poor environment in utero.Girls is particularly high risk for iron deficiency anemia because of the onset of menstruation; the monthly blood loss increases the amount of iron they need to consume in their diets.
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