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An animal bite can result in a break in the skin, a bruise, or a puncture wound. Although any animal may bite, dogs and, to a lesser extent, cats account for most bites in the United States. About 10 to 20 people, mostly children, die from dog bites each year. Cats do not defend territory and bite mainly when humans restrain them for various reasons or attempt to intervene in a cat fight. Domestic animals, such as horses, cows, and pigs, bite infrequently, but their size and strength are such that serious wounds may result. Wild animal bites are rare. Dog bites typically have a ragged, torn appearance. Cat bites involve deep puncture wounds that frequently become infected. Infected bites are painful, swollen, and red. Rabies may be transmitted from animals (most commonly bats) infected with that organism. Rabies is rare among pets in the United States because of vaccination. There is no cure for rabies once symptoms develop. But, if vaccinated promptly after being bitten, you can develop immunity before symptoms develop. If you believe you may have been exposed to rabies, you must get vaccinated immediately. Studies have shown that in cases where a person contracted rabies from a bat, many of the victims were not even aware they had been bitten by a bat. If you see a bat in your house or a bat touches you in any way, you should contact a health care provider immediately for advice. Many animal bites, even if rabies vaccination or stitches are not required, should be treated with antibiotics. Animal bites to the hand or fingers especially warrant antibiotics. If you have any doubt about the need for treatment, seek medical care.
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