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A bruise is an area of skin discoloration. A bruise occurs when small blood vessels break and leak their contents into the soft tissue beneath the skin.The raised area of a bump or bruise results from blood leaking from these injured blood vessels into the tissues as well as from the body's response to the injury. A purplish, flat bruise that occurs when blood leaks out into the top layers of skin is referred to as an ecchymosis. Most bruises are not a cause for concern and will go away on their own. However, bruising can be a sign of an inherited bleeding disorder, illness, or non-accidental trauma (child abuse). Bruises may be abnormal if they occur spontaneously without explanation, if they are in other places than the lower legs ("unexplained" bruises on the shins are usually normal because children often bump this area and then forget that they bumped it), if they are larger than a quarter in size, and if they are lumpy rather than flat. Bruises may also be abnormal if they are larger than expected for the degree of injury.
A bruise, also called a contusion or an ecchymosis happens when a part of the body is struck and the muscle fibers and connective tissue underneath are crushed but the skin doesn't break. . It is usually caused by blunt impact. Bruises often induce pain but are not normally dangerous. Sometimes bruises can be serious, leading to other more life threatening forms of hematoma , or can be associated with serious injuries, including fractures and internal bleeding . Minor bruises are easily recognized by their characteristic blue or purple color in the days following the injury.
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