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Cramps is painful sensations. It is caused by contraction or over shortening, usually of muscles. Cramps can be caused cold or overexertion.by Illness or poisoning can also cause cramps, particularly in the stomach , which is referred to as colic if it fits particular characteristics. Many people have an occasional leg cramp. However, they occur frequently in some people. They are more common in older people. About 1 in 3 people over the age of 60, and about half of people over the age of 80 have regular leg cramps. About 4 in 10 people who have leg cramps have at least three per week. They occur every day in some cases. Cramp pain typically lasts a few minutes. In some cases it lasts just seconds, but in some cases it can last up to 10 minutes. The muscle may remain tender for up to 24 hours after a leg cramp. Leg cramps usually occur when you are resting - most commonly at night when in bed. Other factors may also be involved, including exercising or working in intense heat, dehydration and depletion of salt and minerals.
Cramps of the involuntary muscles will not be further considered in this review. Cramps may also occur when a muscle is injured. Some cramps involve the simultaneous contraction of muscles that ordinarily move body parts in opposite directions. Cramp or spasm may be felt in the legs the underlying problem causing the cramps may actually be somewhere else, for example in the back or knee. Very rarely leg cramps are caused by medical conditions, such as an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism), Addison's disease and kidney problems.Cramps are extremely common. Almost everyone (one estimate is about 95%) experiences a cramp at some time in their life. Cramps are common in adults and become increasingly frequent with aging. However, children also experience cramps. There are four major types of skeletal muscle cramps. These include "true" cramps, tetany, contractures, and dystonic cramps.
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