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Hypertension also known about high blood pressure. Hypertension is spread all the world and afflicted humans being. It is a medical condition in which the blood pressure is chronically elevated. Hypertension has been arbitrarily defined as a systolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure above 90 mmHg. Blood pressure measurements take into consideration the amount of blood pumped by the heart and the size and condition of the arteries. Hypertension can be classified two catagary first is essential and secondary. Essential hypertension indicates that no specific medical cause can be found to explain a patient's condition. Secondary hypertension indicates that the high blood pressure is a result of (i.e. secondary to) another condition, such as kidney disease or certain tumors (especially of the adrenal gland). Environmental factors have been implicated in the development of hypertension, including salt intake, obesity , occupation , alcohol intake, smoking, family size, stimulant intake, excessive noise exposure and crowding. Chronic hypertension is a "silent" condition. Stealthy as a cat, it can cause blood vessel changes in the back of the eye (retina), abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, kidney failure , and brain damage. Relationship between systemic arterial pressure and morbidity appears to be quantitative rather than qualitative. Regulation of normal blood pressure is a complex process. Although a function of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance, both of these variables are influenced by multiple factors. The factors affecting cardiac output include sodium intake, renal function, and mineralocorticoids; the inotropic effects occur via extracellular fluid volume augmentation and an increase in heart rate and contractility.
Essential hypertension is diagnosed in the absence of an identifiable secondary cause. Approximately 95% of American adults have essential hypertension, while secondary hypertension accounts for fewer than 5% of the cases. Hypertension is usually found incidentally. Malignant hypertension is distinct as a late phase in the condition. Hypertension is often Signs and symptoms is mental tension, stress and anxiety. The risk is increased for hypertension is Cerebrovascular accident (CVAs or strokes) Myocardial infarction (heart attack) Hypertensive cardiomyopathy ( heart failure due to chronically high blood pressure) Hypertensive retinopathy - damage to the retina and Hypertensive nephropathy - chronic renal failure due to chronically high blood pressure. A level for high blood pressure must be agreed upon in clinical practice for screening patients with hypertension and for instituting diagnostic evaluation and initiating therapy. Because the risk to an individual patient may correlate with the severity of hypertension, a classification system is essential for making decisions about aggressiveness of treatment or therapeutic interventions. weight loss and regular exercise as the first steps in treating mild to moderate hypertension. These steps are highly effective in reducing blood pressure, although most patients with moderate or severe hypertension end up requiring indefinite drug therapy to bring their blood pressure down to a safe level. Mild hypertension is usually treated by diet , exercise and improved physical fitness.
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